bandgap science definition

The difference in energy in a substance between electron orbitals in which the electrons are not free to move (the valence band ) and orbitals in which they are relatively free and will carry a current (the conduction band ). In semiconductors, some electrons are sustained in the conduction band by thermal energy. Energy released when an electron in the conduction band falls into a hole in the valence band is called bandgap radiation. See also hole, semiconductor laser.